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Current Research
[Anti-bacterial defense mechanism of the urinary bladder. Role of
d-mannose in urine].Toyota S, Fukushi Y, Katoh S, Orikasa S, Suzuki Y [Article in Japanese] Bacterial adherence to mucosa is thought to be an initial and important stage to cause urinary tract infection. Among some mechanisms of bacterial adherence, the role of fimbriae and its receptor is worthy of notice. In particular, type 1 fimbriae, for which mannose is assumed as a receptor, is reported as the most common type and called "common fimbriae". Therefore if a certain amount of mannose is present in urine, it will cover the fimbriae of bacteria and competitively block the bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa. As the first step, we tried to detect mannose in urine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sugar can be measured by detecting the fluorescence which is produced by a sugar separated by ion exchange, reacting with arginine at high temperature. The results using standard sugar samples should have highly stable retention time and concentration curve with the minimum detectable mannose concentration of 0.02 microgram. We investigated mannose in urine from 186 cases. Since the mannose peak was often masked by near unidentified peaks, the peak of mannose could be detected only in 80 cases and its concentration could be measured only in 24 cases. Mannose concentration in the urine of the 24 cases was between 2.6 and 108.7 micrograms/ml and in most of cases it was lower than 20 micrograms/ml. Secondary, we examined the possibility of a mannose in urine to prevent bacterial adherence to mucosa by the hemagglutination test using guinea pig erythrocytes and type 1 fimbriated E. coli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID: 2576290, UI: 90172805 Effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on Escherichia coli bacteriuria in rats. Urol Res 1983;11(2):97-102 Michaels EK, Chmiel JS, Plotkin BJ, Schaeffer AJ. The effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on bacteriuria due to Escherichia coli with mannose-sensitive adhesins was investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing diuresis. Inocula of 10(5), 10(7), or 10(8) bacteria in 0.1 ml of normal saline or 2.5% or 10% D-mannose or D-glucose were injected intravesically and urine was cultured 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days later. The levels of bacteriuria on days 1 and 5 were significantly lower in rats inoculated with 10(5) E coli and 10% D-mannose than in controls (p less than 0.05 and 0.01 respectively) and the percentages of rats with less than 100 bacteria/ml were higher on days 1 and 3 (p = 0.05 and 0.02 respectively). Bacteriuria was significantly lower in rats inoculated with 10(7) bacteria and 10% D-mannose than in controls on days 5 and 7 (p less than 0.01 for each day) and the percentage of rats with less than 100 bacteria/ml was higher on day 7 (p = 0.01). D-glucose reduced bacteriuria significantly only with a concentration of 10% after instillation of 10(5) E. coli (p less than 0.05, day 1). The results indicate that D-mannose and D-glucose can significantly reduce bacteriuria within 1 day and that their efficacy is dependent upon the concentration of both saccharide and bacteria. PMID: 6346629 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Safe as mother's milk: carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for bacterial diseases. Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. bfsharon@weizmann.weizmann.ac.il Sharon N, Ofek I. The majority of infectious diseases are initiated by adhesion of pathogenic organisms to the tissues of the host. In many cases, this adhesion is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. Lectin-deficient mutants often lack ability to initiate infection. Soluble carbohydrates recognized by the bacterial lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Moreover, they have also been shown to protect against experimental infection by lectin-carrying bacteria in different organs of mammals such as mice, rabbits, calves and monkeys. [truncated to 100 words] Zafriri D, Ofek I, Adar R, Pocino M, Sharon N Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Inhibition of bacterial adherence
to bladder cells has been assumed to account for the beneficial
action ascribed to cranberry juice and cranberry juice
cocktail in the prevention of urinary tract infections
(A. E. Sobota, J. Urol. 131:1013-1016, 1984). We have
examined the effect of the cocktail and juice on the adherence
of Escherichia coli expressing surface lectins of defined
sugar specificity to yeasts, tissue culture cells, erythrocytes,
and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Cranberry juice cocktail
inhibited the adherence of urinary isolates expressing
type 1 fimbriae (mannose specific) and P fimbriae [specific
for alpha-D-Gal(1----4)-beta-D-Gal] but had no effect
on a diarrheal isolate expressing a CFA/I adhesin. The
cocktail also inhibited yeast agglutination by purified
type 1 fimbriae. The inhibitory activity for type 1 fimbriated
E. coli was dialyzable and could be ascribed to the fructose
present in the cocktail; this sugar was about 1/10 as
active as methyl alpha-D-mannoside in inhibiting the adherence
of type 1 fimbriated bacteria. The inhibitory activity
for the P fimbriated bacteria was nondialyzable and was
detected only after preincubation of the bacteria with
the cocktail. Cranberry juice, orange juice, and pineapple
juice also inhibited adherence of type 1 fimbriated E.
coli, most likely because of their fructose content. However,
the two latter juices did not inhibit the P fimbriated
bacteria. We conclude that cranberry juice contains at
least two inhibitors of lectin-mediated adherence of uropathogens
to eucaryotic cells. Further studies are required to establish
whether these inhibitors play a role in vivo.
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